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The Use of Articles with Geographical Names The Zero Article
Cameroun – the Cameroons
The Definite Article
The use of articles with geographical names

		Zero Article	Indefinite Article	Definite Article
1	Continents	general use Europe; Asia; Antarctica modified by some descriptive attributes in pre-position: northern, southern, eastern, western, central, minor, south-west (etc), Latin, ancient, old, new, industrial, medieval, modern North America Central Asia	-	limitation clear from the context, e.g. It was theEurope of 1600s.
2	Countries	with names that consist of one word Ukraine; England; Poland 2. modified by some descriptive attributes in pre-position (see above), Ancient Rome modern London	indicates some unusual qualities or mood in the given situation It was a new ItalyMarko did not recognize.	is used if the names consist of more than one word the United States of America the United Emirates the United Kingdom indicates traditional use the Argentine (but Argentina) the Netherlands (the) Lebanon; (the) Congo; (the) Senegal; (the) Kameroon; (the) Sudan
3	Regions and provinces	Kharkiv Region,	-	indicates traditional use the Lake District the Caucasus; the Crimea the Ruhr; the Tyrol; the Riviera; the Transvaal; the Saar
4	Cities, towns, villages	traditional use London (city) Broadstairs (town) Middlemead (village)	to show some unusual qualities or mood in the given situation It was a different Paris unknown to him.	clear from the situation, usually with a limiting attribute, e.g. It was not the France of his youth. with an ‘of-phrase’, e.g. the city of Chester; the village of Amberley an exception- the Hague
5	Mountains,mountain passes and islands	separate mountains, peaks and islands Snowdon Mount Everest Cyprus	-	mountain chains and groups pf islands the Rocky Mountains the Bahamas the Saint Gotthard Pass the Isle of Man (of-phrase)
6	Lakes	with the word ‘lake’ Lake Michigan; Silver Lake	-	without the word ‘lake’ the Michigan, the Windermere
7	Oceans, seas, rivers, straights, channels, canals, waterfalls, bays, gulfs	-	-	the Indian Ocean the North Sea the Trent (a river in England) the Magellan Straits (the Strait of Magellan) the English Channel the Panama Canal the Niagara Falls North Bay (but the San Francisco Bay) the Gulf of Mexico
8	Peninsulas and capes	without the word ‘peninsula’ Hindustan Labrador Cape Horn Cape Province		with the word ‘peninsula’ the Hindustan Peninsula the Labrador Peninsula with ‘of – phrase’ (traditional use) the Cape of Good Hope
9	Deserts	-	-	the Sahara Desert
10	Names traditionally used in the plural	-	-	the Midlands the Netherlands the Yorkshire Forests
11	Streets, squares, parks	Baker Street Drury Lane Brown Close Sunset Boulevard Piccadilly Circus Hyde Park		traditional use the Strand (in London) the High Street The Main Street the Mall the Plaza San Marco (in foreign names)

With the following types of geographical and place names there is usually zero (no) article:

1. continents: Europe, Asia, Australia, South / North America, Africa, Antarctica

(but you can say ‘the African Continent);

2. countries: France, Russia; (however, some names of countries have the definite article, in particular those which contain common nouns: the United States of America, the United Kingdom; this is the same with abbreviated alternatives: the USA, the UK; plurals also have the: the Netherlands, the Philippines;
3. with the names of countries that have developed from geographical regions there used to be two possibilities, with or without the definite article:

• Sudan – the Sudan
• Yemen – the Yemen
• Argentina – the Argentine
• Ukraine – the Ukraine
• Ivory Coast – the Ivory Coast

The tendency is to use the form without the definite article);

4. villages, towns and cities: Tonbridge, London (but the Hague);
5. bays: San Francisco Bay (however, where there are two nouns separated by ‘of’, the definite article is used: the Bay of Bengal, the Bay of Biscay;
6. lakes:Lake Michigan (but the Great Salt Lake);
7. individual islands: Ireland, Bermuda, Sicily (there are exceptions when two nouns have ‘of’ in between: the Isle of Man, the Isle of Wight);
8. individual mountains:Ben Nevis, Everest.

You use the definite article with the following types of geographical or place names:

1. groups of islands:the British Isles, the Hawaiian Islands (sometimes there are alternatives; you can say the Orkney Islands or the Orkneys);
2. mountain ranges:the Alps, the Himalayas (sometimes there are alternatives: the Rocky Mountains or the Rockies);
3. geographical regions: the Midlands, the Middle East, the Crimea, the South of England;
4. deserts: the Sahara, the Gobi Desert;
5. rivers, seas, oceans, canals, channels, gulfs, straits: the Thames, the River Severn, the Panama Canal, the Pacific (Ocean), the Baltic (Sea), the Mediterranean (Sea), the English Channel, the Gulf of Mexico, the Strait(s) of Dover.

Note: You use the definite article before a number of nouns which indicate geographical alternatives, for example, the town – the country; the sea – the land. We are not referring to a particular place, for example a particular town or forest. We are talking about the types of landscape or geographical environment where people live, work, or go for holidays. Here are some words you can use like this:

• the city (the town)
• the desert
• the land
• the country
• the forest
• the sea
• the countryside
• the jungle
• the mountains

The noun ‘sea’ is used in certain prepositional expressions without ‘the’: e.g. ... after he’d gone to sea; ... the main danger to naval forces and shipping at sea.

Собираю материал по Японии.
Оригами куклы

книга (рабочая тетрадь) про Японию
Оригами шлем самурая

интересный сайт

https://www.teachingideas.co.uk/   очень полезный сайт. есть fact cards о разных странах, людях и событиях. 

Подкасты. Для изучающих английский язык.

Очень полезные ссылки. Списком подкастов поделилась молодая учительница во время работы одной из секций в рамкам Августовской конференции. К сожалению, не уточнила ее имени, но очень ей благодарна. Некоторые из ссылок, конечно, мне знакомы. Другие встречаю впервые. Уже сегодня поработала с некоторыми. И планирую использовать их на уроках и в домашнем задании.

https://teacherluke.co.uk/  Английский подкаст Luke удостоен наград аудио-шоу для учащихся английского языка как иностранного. Подкаст работает с 2009 года и до сегодняшнего (2018) времени продолжает развиваться. Содержит более 500 эпизодов аудио , транскриптов , видеороликов и специальной серией посвященных фразовым глаголам, и все это бесплатно . Сам  Люк преподаватель английского языка DELTA с более чем 16-летним опытом преподавания. 

словообразование

• Цитата: Выполняйте устные упражнения в начале занятий. Пусть это будет 5-минутный warm-up. Вы даете ученику список глаголов (например: to wonder, to amaze, to motivate, to meet), а он должен поставить их в разные формы (изменив части речи), когда рассказывает новости или описывает картинку. Получится что-то вроде: I went to the park yesterday. The atmosphere was wonderFUL and amazING. I met with my friend, and the meetING was full of motivatION — we discussed our plans for the future.
• Акцентируйте внимание на словах при чтении текстов. Например, если вам встретилось слово education, попросите ученика образовать от этого существительного другие части речи.

Пробую)))

глаголы (взяла из упражнения 101 стр 83 (Биболетова 8 класс), чтобы не отрываться от лексики урока, а наоборот в разных ситуациях ее лишний (не лишний) раз отработать.

Поискала материал на эту тему:

to frighten -to make someone feel fear (frightening, frightened) 

He frightens me when he drives so fast.

She was too frightened to enter the room alone.

The noises were frightening. / It was dark and I was frightened. ( adjectives of feelings or emotions that can be formed with -ed to describe people and -ing to describe the things that cause the feelings and emotions. Frightened and frightening are good examples) Цитата

Don’t shout – you’ll frighten the children.

_____________________________________________________

He frighten___me when he drives so fast.

She was too frighten___ to enter the room alone.

The noises were frighten___. 

It was dark and I was frighten___. 

Don’t shout – you’ll frighten___ the children.

_____________________________________________________________

На след.урок возьму:

to create - to bring into existence

God created the heaven and the earth.

 —Genesis 1:1 (King James Version)

The machine creates a lot of noise.

She creates a friendly and welcoming atmosphere for her guests.

creative - good at thinking of new ideas or using imagination to create new and unusual things

Her book is full of creative ways to decorate your home.

creativity

creation - something that someone has made

The museum contains some of his best creations.

creator- someone who invents or makes something 

The Creator (God)

creature - anything that lives but is not a plant

Dolphins are intelligent creatures.

to educate 

to invent 

to doubt

Skype - встреча "Открытый мир"